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sukhañca
sukha
nominative/accusative neuter singular + conjunction ca
- sukha (adj): easy (on); comfortable (for); pleasant (for); good (for); contented
- sukha (nt): ease; comfort; happiness; pleasure; contentment
- sukha (adj): (of water) tepid
- sukhaṃ (ind): easily; comfortably; pleasantly; happily
- sukha (adj): (of weather) fine; mild; pleasant
- sukha (adj): happy
Built from
- su — prefix · well, good
From Indo-European *su-, the positive counterpart to dys- (bad). It retains its concrete sense of 'flowing well' or 'fitting well'; in compounds it marks what is easy, pleasant, or auspicious.
- kha — root · ease, comfort
Likely related to Sanskrit sukha, ultimately from the same root as the prefix su-. The word's concrete sense is physical ease; in doctrine it extends to mental peace and the happiness of Nibbāna.
- ṃ — ending · nominative/accusative neuter singular
The final ṃ marks the word as neuter singular in nominative or accusative case, making it suitable for use as the object or predicate of a verb.
- ca — ending · and (enclitic conjunction)
The enclitic ca joins two words or phrases in coordination, equivalent to English 'and'; it attaches to the preceding word (here sukhaṃ) and creates a pair with what follows.
Analysis. sukhaṃ + ca: 'ease and' or 'and ease'; the enclitic conjunction ca joins sukha to a preceding clause or noun, creating a coordinated pair (e.g. dukkha-sukhaṃ ca, 'suffering and ease').
Etymology. From Indo-European *su- 'well, good' (cognates: Greek eu-, Sanskrit su-), related to the root of English 'sweet'. The concrete sense is 'what flows well' or 'what sits well on one'; in Buddhist doctrine, sukha is happiness arising from ethical conduct and meditative absorption, distinct from the sensory pleasure of kāma. The prefix su- is the same particle found in su-gata 'well-gone' (the Buddha).