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sato

sa

masc abl sg of sa (letter); masc abl pl of sa (letter); masc abl sg of sa (pron); masc abl sg of sa (adj); …

1. sa (pron): own; one's own; one's own possession
2. sa (adj): self-; personal-
3. sa (letter): (gram) letter s; 36th letter of the alphabet; dental consonant
4. sata (pp): mindful; present; attentive; lit. remembered
5. sata (pp): remembered
6. sata (adj): (comm) impermanent
7. sato (prp): when being; when it is; when they are
8. santa (prp): existing; being; there is
9. …

Built from

• sant — stem · being
  Present participle stem of atthi (to be); derives from √as with the participle suffix –ant-.
• -o — ending · nominative singular masculine
  Nominative singular masculine ending; in this context used as a temporal participle (when being, while existing).

Analysis. Present participle of atthi (to be), from the root √as. The form sato is the nominative singular masculine; santa is the fuller stem from which sato derives by sandhi (–a + o > –o).

Etymology. √as, to be, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-. Cognates: Sanskrit asti, Latin est, English is, German ist. The root is the most ancient copula across Indo-European languages.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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